उत्तराखण्ड चिपको आंदोलन क्या है?
यह आन्दोलन तत्कालीन उत्तर प्रदेश के चमोली जिले में सन १९७३ में प्रारम्भ हुआ। एक दशक के अन्दर यह पूरे उत्तराखण्ड क्षेत्र में फैल गया। चिपको आन्दोलन की एक मुख्य बात थी कि इसमें स्त्रियों ने भारी संख्या में भाग लिया था। इस आन्दोलन की शुरुवात १९७३ में भारत के प्रसिद्ध पर्यावरणविद् सुन्दरलाल बहुगुणा, चण्डीप्रसाद भट्ट तथा श्रीमती गौरादेवी के नेत्रत्व मे हुई थी:
‘चिपको आन्दोलन’ का घोषवाक्य है-
क्या हैं जंगल के उपकार, मिट्टी, पानी और बयार।
मिट्टी, पानी और बयार, जिन्दा रहने के आधार।
सन १९८७ में इस आन्दोलन को सम्यक जीविका पुरस्कार (Right Livelihood Award) से सम्मानित किया गया था।
प्रतिभागियों
चिप्को की सबसे प्रमुख विशेषताओं में से एक महिला ग्रामीणों की व्यापक भागीदारी थी। उत्तराखंड की कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ की हड्डी के रूप में, महिलाओं को पर्यावरणीय गिरावट और वनों की कटाई से सबसे अधिक प्रभावित किया गया था, और इस तरह इन मुद्दों से संबंधित आसानी से। चिप्को की विचारधारा से इस भागीदारी पर असर पड़ता है या कितना प्रभावित हुआ है, अकादमिक सर्किलों में इस पर बहस हुई है।
इस के बावजूद, महिला और पुरुष दोनों कार्यकर्ताओं ने गौड़ादेवी, सुदेश देवी, बच्ची देवी, चंडी प्रसाद भट्ट, सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा, गोविंद सिंह रावत, धूम सिंह नेजी, शमशेर सिंह बिष्ट और घनसीम रतुरी, चिप्को कवि सहित आंदोलन में प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई। , जिसका गीत अभी भी हिमालय क्षेत्र में लोकप्रिय हैं इनमें से 1 9 82 में चांडी प्रसाद भट्ट को रमन मैगसेसे पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया, [21] और 2009 में सुंदरलाल बहुगुणा को पद्म विभूषण से सम्मानित किया गया।
What is Uttarakhand Chipko Movement History?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chipko Movement or Chipko Andolan refers to a forest conservation movement. Chipko type movement dates back to 1730 AD Brahmaiah M from Bellary when in khejarli village of Rajasthan, 363 people(Bishnoi’s) sacrificed their lives to save khejri trees. In modern India it began in 1973 and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world it created a precedent for starting of nonviolent protest in India, and its success meant that the world immediately took notice of this non violent movement, which was to inspire in time many such eco-groups by helping to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, increase ecological awareness, and demonstrate the viability of people power. Above all, it stirred up the existing civil society in India, which began to address the issues of tribal and marginalized people.
Today, beyond the eco-socialism hue, it is being seen increasingly as an ecofeminism movement. Although many of its leaders were men, women were not only its backbone, but also its mainstay, because they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation, which led to a lack of firewood and fodder as well as water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years they also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement. In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award.[6] The chipko aandolan is a movement that practised the Gandhian methods of Satyagraha where both male and female activists played vital roles, including Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
Participants
Participants of the first all-woman Chipko action at Reni village in 1974 on left jen wadas, reassembled thirty years later.
One of Chipko’s most salient features was the mass participation of female villagers. As the backbone of Uttarakhand’s Agrarian economy, women were most directly affected by environmental degradation and deforestation, and thus related to the issues most easily. How much this participation impacted or derived from the ideology of Chipko has been fiercely debated in academic circles.
Despite this, both female and male activists did play pivotal roles in the movement including Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Sundarlal Bahuguna, Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh Neji, Shamsher Singh Bisht and Ghanasyam Raturi, the Chipko poet, whose songs are still popular in the Himalayan region. Out of which, Chandi Prasad Bhatt was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982, and Sundarlal Bahuguna was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2009.